DEA: “Severe adverse health effects — including respiratory depression, severe sedation, and death — have occurred from the misuse of tianeptine.” 

FDA: “Annual poison control center cases involving tianeptine exposure, as reported by the National Poison Data System, have increased nationwide, from 4 cases in 2013 to about 350 cases in 2024.” 

Mayo Clinic: “While tianeptine may help treat depression, anxiety and irritable bowel syndrome, the risks often outweigh the benefits. … [Tianeptine] can have ill effects and can even lead to death.” 

Pain and Therapy: “Misuse of tianeptine can lead to euphoric, opioid-like highs with the potential for chronic users to develop dependence and tolerance. Overdose and use in suicide attempts have also been documented.”

Alcohol and Drug Foundation: “Inhaling nitrous oxide can be fatal if you don’t get enough oxygen, which is known as hypoxia.” 

CDC: “Often thought by users to be harmless, nitrous oxide can cause severe neurologic, cardiovascular, and psychiatric signs and symptoms with repeated use.” 

Cleveland Clinic: “Inhaling laughing gas more often than you need it can cause serious and potentially life-threatening health complications.” 

FDA: “For some individuals who regularly inhale nitrous oxide, this habit can lead to prolonged neurological effects, including spinal cord or brain damage, even after stopping use.”

Addiction: “Apart from toxicity risks from acute exposure, chronic 7-hydroxymitragynine product use could result in opioid-like physical dependence and possibly addiction.”

Medscape: “Concentrated 7-OH preparations are 30-40 times more potent at opioid receptors and produce rapid-onset analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression, and classic opioid-type withdrawal.” 

Tampa Bay Times: “Researchers who study 7-hydroxymitragynine, or 7-OH, liken the products to opioids such as morphine. They argue they should not be available to consumers.”

University of Connecticut: “It is inappropriate to have opioid receptor stimulators like 7-OH-MG or mitragynine pseudoindoxyl sold in gas stations, smoke shops, and over the internet without a prescription, limitations in dosage, and medical oversight.”

California Attorney General’s Office: “Intoxicating industrial hemp products present a risk to public health and safety. … Side effects of consuming synthetic cannabinoids include rapid heart rate, agitation, vomiting, trouble breathing, psychosis, among others.”

FDA: “The FDA is … concerned about the processes used to synthesize delta-8 THC, as impurities or variations in composition can result in products that may be harmful or have unpredictable effects on consumers.” 

National Council for Mental Wellbeing: “Intoxicating hemp-derived products are largely unregulated, not systematically tested for additives or contaminants and often lack labeling or are mislabeled with respect to product contents.”

Network for Public Health Law: “These products can look like regulated cannabis products, can be as intoxicating or more intoxicating than regulated cannabis products, and are not subject to the same public health regulations in most cases.”